Aluminium sulfate yog dav siv hauv kev kho dej, ntawv tsim, thiab ntau yam txheej txheem. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg yuav khoom, engineers, thiab cov kws kho dej feem ntau nug cov lus nug tseem ceeb: Puas yog txhuas sulfate noj qab nyob zoo lossis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg?
Taw qhia: Nkag siab Aluminium Sulfate
Aluminium sulfate yog ib qho tshuaj inorganic nrog cov mis Al₂(SO₄)₃. Nws yog feem ntau ua los ntawm reacting aluminium hydroxide los yog bauxite nrog sulfuric acid, ua ib tug dej -soluble ntsev lug siv nyob rau hauv industrial thiab municipal txheej txheem.
Common Physical Forms
Hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, aluminium sulfate feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom:
Hmoov
Granules
Ua kua
Txhua daim ntawv raug xaiv raws li kev thauj mus los, kev siv tshuaj, thiab cov ntawv thov.
Cov Ntawv Thov Kev Lag Luam Loj
Aluminium sulfate yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau siv tshuaj coagulants hauv kev lag luam. Nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Kev kho dej raws li flocculant lossis coagulant
Paper manufacturing raws li ib tug sizing thiab tuav pab
Textile dyeing thiab ua tiav raws li mordant
Kev ua zaub mov hauv kev txwv tsis pub siv
Vim tias nws yog siv hauv kev kho dej haus thiab qee cov txheej txheem zaub mov, cov lus nug txog nws txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv yog ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam thiab kev sib tham txog engineering.
"Healthy" txhais li cas hauv Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb?
Hauv kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb tshuaj, lo lus "hmoov" tsis txhais hais tias ib yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv. Hloov chaw, nws hais txog seb cov tshuaj puas tuaj yeem siv nyab xeeb hauv kev tswj xyuas yam tsis muaj kev phom sij.
Toxicity vs. raug
Kev nyab xeeb tshuaj nyob ntawm ob yam tseem ceeb:
Intrinsic toxicity ntawm cov khoom
Kev nthuav tawm theem thiab lub sijhawm
Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj toxicity nruab nrab tuaj yeem siv tau zoo yog tias cov qib raug nyob qis dua qhov kev nyab xeeb tsim.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb muaj xws li:
koob tshuaj- teb kev sib raug zoo
Tso cai raug txwv
Kev noj zaub mov kom zoo txhua hnub
Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuam xyuas kev nyab xeeb ntawm aluminium sulfate yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv twg.
Txoj Cai Tswjfwm
Ntau lub koom haum tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb tsim cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom siv txhuas:
WHO (World Health Organization) cov lus qhia txog dej haus
EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency) cov qauv dej zoo
FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) cov cai tswj kev noj zaub mov ntxiv
EU REACH cov cai tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb tshuaj nyob hauv Europe
Cov koom haum no soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv toxicity thiab txhais cov qib siab concentration. Raws li nrog rau feem ntau cov khoom siv tshuaj, kev nyab xeeb nyob ntawm ntau npaum li cas, purity, thiab daim ntawv thov.
Kev siv ntau ntawm Aluminium Sulfate
Kev siv dav dav ntawm aluminium sulfate feem ntau yog vim nws cov kev ua haujlwm siab, kev pheej yig, thiab kev ntseeg siab hauv ntau yam kev lag luam.
Kev kho dej
Daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev kho dej hauv nroog thiab kev lag luam.
Raws li ib tug coagulant, aluminium sulfate:
Neutralizes negatively them hais nyob rau hauv dej
Forms flocs (cov khoom loj dua)
Tshem tawm cov khib nyiab, cov kab mob, thiab cov organic teeb meem
Cov flocs no nyob los yog lim tawm, txhim kho cov dej ntshiab thiab zoo.
Kev lag luam zaub mov
Hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus, aluminium sulfate tuaj yeem ua tus neeg sawv cev firming lossis acidity regulator hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li:
Pickled zaub
Baking hmoov formulations
Qee cov zaub mov ua tiav
Txawm li cas los xij, zaub mov- qib aluminium sulfate yog tswj hwm nruj, thiab tso cai kom muaj kev tswj hwm zoo.
Kev tsim cov ntawv
Hauv kev tsim cov ntawv, aluminium sulfate yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev sizing. Nws cov haujlwm muaj xws li:
Txhim kho daim ntawv zog
Txhim khu kev tuav tus cwj mem
Stabilizing rosin sizing systems
Daim ntawv thov no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam ntawv rau ntau xyoo lawm.
Lwm Cov Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Kev siv ntxiv muaj xws li:
Textile dye fixation
Av acidification hauv kev ua liaj ua teb
Ua npuas ncauj tua hluav taws
Cov ntawv thov no qhia tau hais tias aluminium sulfate versatility nyob rau hauv ntau lub lag luam.
Puas yog Aluminium Sulfate Ua Rau Tib Neeg Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv?
Kev noj qab haus huv cuam tshuam ntawm txhuas sulfate nyob ntawm feem ntau ntawm qhov raug, lub sijhawm, thiab daim ntawv sib cuag.
Cov teebmeem ntawm Direct Exposure
Kev lag luam tuav ntawm aluminium sulfate tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qee yam kev pheej hmoo raug.
Tej yam tshwm sim muaj xws li:
Kev nqus cov plua plav: tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsws ua pa
Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij: khaus khaus khaus hauv cov tib neeg rhiab heev
Kev sib cuag qhov muag: ib ntus liab lossis kub hnyiab
Cov kev pheej hmoo no feem ntau tswj tau nrog cov qauv kev lag luam kev nyab xeeb.
Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Kev Nyab Xeeb Khoom Noj
Thaum siv hauv kev ua zaub mov, txhuas sulfate yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov zaub mov -qib purity qauv.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Kev tswj nruj nruj ntawm kev noj tshuaj
Kev tswj kom zoo rau zaub mov- qib khoom
Saib xyuas tag nrho cov khoom siv txhuas
Kev lag luam -qib aluminium sulfate yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov zaub mov vim muaj peev xwm impurities.
Aluminium Exposure Kev txhawj xeeb
Kev txhawj xeeb txog pej xeem txog kev raug txhuas feem ntau cuam tshuam txog kev noj qab haus huv neurological.
Cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm txog kev sib txuas ntawm txhuas thiab cov kab mob xws li Alzheimer's disease. Txawm li cas los xij:
Cov pov thawj scientific tam sim no tsis lees paub qhov kev sib raug zoo ncaj qha
Feem ntau cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias aluminium raug los ntawm cov chaw tswj xyuas tseem nyob hauv qhov txwv tsis pub muaj kev nyab xeeb
Cov koom haum tswj xyuas txuas ntxiv saib xyuas cov qib aluminium kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg siv khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Kev nyab xeeb ntawm Aluminium Sulfate hauv Kev Kho Dej Haus
Rau cov dej siv dej thiab cov chaw kho mob, aluminium sulfate kev nyab xeeb yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb loj.
Nws ua haujlwm li cas hauv kev kho dej
Thaum ntxiv rau dej, aluminium sulfate tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis uas tsim cov txhuas hydroxide flocs.
Cov flocs no:
Capture suspended hais
Adsorb cov kab mob organic
Tshem tawm cov kab mob
Cov flocs tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm sedimentation los yog raug tshem tawm thaum pom.
Residual Aluminium Levels
Tom qab kev kho mob, me me ntawm txhuas yuav nyob twj ywm hauv dej kho.
Lub koom haum WHO cov lus qhia feem ntau pom zoo tias qhov seem ntawm cov txhuas seem nyob qis dua li 0.2 mg / L kom tswj tau cov dej zoo.
Cov txheej txheem kho niaj hnub no ua tib zoo tswj cov tshuaj kom tswj tau cov qib no.
Kev soj ntsuam kev nyab xeeb
Aluminium sulfate tau siv hauv kev kho dej haus rau ntau tshaj 100 xyoo.
Ntau txhiab lub chaw kho dej hauv nroog thoob ntiaj teb tso siab rau nws vim:
Pov thawj kev ua tau zoo
Tsim cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb
Txhim khu kev lag luam chains
Thaum tswj tau zoo, nws siv tau suav tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv tau zoo.
Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Tswj Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb
Kev coj ua kom zoo yuav pab txo qis kev ua haujlwm.
Kev Cia Siab
Pom zoo cia tej yam kev mob muaj xws li:
Qhuav thiab noo noo- ib puag ncig tiv thaiv
Ntim ntim
Zoo - qhov chaw cia qhov cua
Cov kev ntsuas no tiv thaiv cov khoom degradation thiab txo cov plua plav tsim.
Cov Khoom Siv Tiv Thaiv Tus Kheej (PPE)
Cov neeg ua haujlwm tuav aluminium sulfate feem ntau yuav tsum siv:
Cov hnab looj tes tiv thaiv
looj tsom iav dub
Plua plav qhov ncauj qhov ntswg los yog ua pa
Cov kev ceev faj no pab tiv thaiv kev khaus khaus thaum tuav cov khoom.
Kev thauj mus los thiab ntim khoom
Common industrial ntim xaiv muaj xws li:
25 kg tas
50 kg tas
1-tuj hnab ntim khoom
Ua kua tanker shipping
Aluminium sulfate feem ntau tsis raug cais raws li cov tshuaj lom neeg, uas yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los.
Ib puag ncig cuam tshuam ntawm Aluminium Sulfate
Kev txiav txim siab ib puag ncig kuj tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm tshuaj lom neeg.
Kev cuam tshuam rau Aquatic Systems
Kev tso tawm ntau dhau ntawm txhuas sulfate tuaj yeem hloov pH qib dej, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov dej hauv dej.
Yog li ntawd, cov dej khib nyiab yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tswj.
Kev xav txog kev kho dej khib nyiab
Industrial chaw yuav tsum tswj:
Coagulation sludge
Residual aluminium qib
Ua raws li cov kev cai tso tawm
Kev kho dej khib nyiab kom raug ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsawg.
Qhov zoo ntawm Aluminium Sulfate hauv Kev Siv Khoom
Txawm hais tias muaj lwm cov coagulants, aluminium sulfate tseem siv dav vim muaj ntau yam zoo.
Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Tus nqi qis piv nrog lwm cov coagulants
High coagulation efficiency rau tshem tawm cov khib nyiab
paub tab thiab zoo- nkag siab txog tshuab
Kev ruaj ntseg thoob ntiaj teb cov saw hlau
Kev siv dav dav hauv cov txheej txheem kho dej
Cov txiaj ntsig no ua rau nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau lub nroog thiab chaw kho mob.
Alternatives rau Aluminium Sulfate
Qee qhov chaw yuav xav txog lwm cov coagulants nyob ntawm seb cov dej zoo li cas.
Cov kev xaiv uas muaj xws li:
Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC) - Kev ua haujlwm siab dua hauv qee qhov xwm txheej
Ferric Chloride - Siv tau rau kev tshem tawm phosphorus
Ferric Sulfate - Muaj zog coagulation muaj peev xwm
Organic coagulants - Siv rau hauv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb
Txhua qhov kev xaiv muaj kev lag luam tawm - tawm ntawm tus nqi, kev tsim cov sludge, thiab kev ua haujlwm nyuaj.
Xaus
Aluminium sulfate yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj tsim tau siv hauv kev kho dej thiab kev lag luam.
Raws li kev tswj hwm cov xwm txheej thiab kev siv tshuaj kom raug, nws raug pom zoo tias muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev lag luam thiab kev siv hauv nroog. Ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm kev siv thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev saib xyuas kev tswj hwm zoo txhawb nqa nws txuas ntxiv mus.
Rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab cov kws tsim khoom, cov khoom tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txog kev nyab xeeb suav nrog:
Kho qhov ntau npaum li cas
Qib khoom tsim nyog
Ua raws li cov qauv kev cai thoob ntiaj teb
Muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab txhim khu kev qha
Hauv cov ntsiab lus, aluminium sulfate tsis muaj teeb meem tshwm sim thaum siv raws li cov lus qhia kev lag luam. Nrog rau kev tswj xyuas kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog thiab kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, nws tseem yog ib qho kev txhim khu kev qha thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho dej thiab ntau yam kev lag luam.